Several processes or insults can induce damage on DNA; such as a cell death pathway activation or by the genotoxic activity of a compound; substances that makes them harmful to the genetic information contained in organisms. Genotoxins are the substances that have the property of genotoxicity. All new chemical entities in the drug discovery process…
Mitochondria are cellular organelles regulating metabolism and cell death pathways. The membrane of the mitochondria is the key component to maintain the cell metabolism and homeostasis. Loss of membrane potential of mitochondria is the previous event of the cell dysfunction; a pathway directly related with the activation of death pathways via caspase 3 activation. Mitochondrial Integrity…
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a normal component of the development and health of multicellular organisms. Caspase 3-7 Activity Assay from Innoprot quantifies the apoptotic level in living cells. Apoptosis evaluation study is a cellular assay to evaluate the activation level of the caspase 3 protein which is a key role component during apoptosis…
The oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen strains (ROS); and the capacity of the cell to remove them. The excess of these strains finally produce peroxides and free radicals that damage cell components and compromise the cell functions. Oxidative Stress Assay from Innoprot uses a specific probe (CM-H2DCFDA) to evaluate…
Proximal tubules of the kidneys are one of the most common targets of nephrotoxic drugs and chemicals. Screens to predict nephrotoxic potential of compounds with insights to mechanisms of toxicity facilitate lead optimization, guide structure-activity relationships, minimize risks of clinical nephrotoxicity and therefore are valuable in the process of drug discovery. Innoprot has developed an…
Cardiotoxicity is a condition when the heart has problems to pump properly. One of the most common events for a heart dysfunction is the toxicity of the functional cardiac cells –cardiomyocytes-. The most usual mechanisms involved in the cardiac cell dysfunction are; the oxidative extress, the DNA damage and the caspase activation with the subsequent…
Neurotoxicity is the capacity of certain compounds to affect the normal activity of the neurons. The mechanism involving the neuron citotoxicity can be several: oxidative stress, DNA damage, cytoskeleton dysfunction or apoptosis. We analyze the following parameters in the Neurotoxicity Assay: Cell Viability Apoptosis: Caspase 3/7 Activation Membrane Damage Neurite Outgrowth Mitochondrial Damage In this…
Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is the most common event causing during the drug withdrawals. But the causes of the hepatic failure provoked by the chemical compounds could be several. Due to this reason, a multiparametric assay is needed to predict toxicities that could be hidden in a simple one parameter assay. We analyze the following…