Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), are a well-characterized population of adult stem cells. They have the potential to develop into mature cells that produce fat, cartilage, bone, tendons, and muscle. These properties, in combination with their developmental plasticity, have generated tremendous interest because of the potential use of MSC in regenerative medicine to replace damaged tissues. MSC cultured without serum in the presence of transformation growth factors will differentiate into chondrocytes. In contrast, MSC cultured in serum with ascorbic acid and dexamethasone will differentiate into osteoblasts. Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells have the capability for renewal and differentiation into various lineages of mesenchymal tissues. MSC derived from the amnion and chorion express CD271, possess characteristics of cardiomyocytes, and have various antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory proteins.