Human synoviocytes (HS), the predominant cell type of healthy synovial tissue, are fibroblast-like cells. They form a distinct structure called the synovial lining layer. Synoviocytes produce synovial fluid, are responsible for absorption from the joint cavity and are also in control of blood/synovial fluid exchanges. Synoviocytes proliferate, show anchorage-independent growth, and secrete a variety of effector molecules that promote inflammation and joint destruction. In addition, they are part of a complex network of autocrine and paracrine acting factors. Synoviocytes provide new insight into synovial tissue organization and morphogenesis and are a potential therapeutic targe. They are also useful tools to stablish in vitro disease models for High Throughput and High Content Screening.